Testosterone products come in several different forms, each with its own method of delivery, absorption, and practical considerations. The best option depends on clinical needs, personal preference, cost, and access.
In Canada, most patients use injectable or topical testosterone. Oral and nasal formulations are also available, though prescribed less often. Each form delivers testosterone differently and comes with its own benefits and trade-offs.
Injectable Testosterone
Injectable testosterone is the most common and cost-effective form of testosterone therapy prescribed in Canada. It delivers testosterone directly into muscle tissue, where it is gradually absorbed into the bloodstream over several days or weeks. Because of this slower release, injections can help maintain more stable hormone levels between doses. They do require regular injections, and the experience can vary depending on the product and dosing schedule. During shortages, switching between injectable products may require prescription changes and dose adjustments. Learn more »
Topical Testosterone
Topical testosterone is a transdermal form of testosterone therapy designed to deliver the hormone through the skin. It comes in the form of gels, creams, and patches, although in Canada all currently marketed products are gels. Many patients find it a convenient and less invasive alternative to injectable formulations. This means it requires consistent application and care to avoid transferring the medication to others. During shortages, switching between gels is often possible, but differences in format and dosing can still matter. Learn more »
Oral Testosterone
Oral testosterone is less commonly used for hormone replacement in Canada compared to injectable or topical forms. It offers a convenient, needle-free alternative, but absorption can vary from dose to dose. Because of this, it may be harder to maintain stable hormone levels. For some patients, oral testosterone can be a practical choice, particularly when starting therapy or when other options aren’t suitable. Because there is only one oral option in Canada, shortages usually mean switching to a different type of testosterone. Learn more »
Nasal Testosterone
Nasal testosterone is a newer and less commonly prescribed form of testosterone therapy in Canada. It delivers testosterone through the nasal mucosa rather than the skin or muscle, offering an alternative for patients who prefer not to inject or apply gels. In practice, it typically requires multiple doses per day, which can be less convenient for some patients. As the only nasal option, shortages typically require switching to another formulation such as injections or gels. Learn more »
Testosterone Formulations Not Available in Canada
Several testosterone formulations that are available in other countries are not currently available in Canada. These include:
- Long-acting injectable testosterone undecanoate (sold internationally as Nebido or Aveed)
- Testosterone patches (previously available in Canada)
- Testosterone pellets (subdermal implants)